Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System
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© by The Society for Leukocyte Biology
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, doi:10.1189/jlb.0808476

Received for publication August 13, 2008.
Revised August 13, 2008.
Accepted for publication August 13, 2008.

Article

Leukotriene modifiers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Graziano Riccioni *@, Valerie Capra {dagger}, Nicolantonio D’Orazio {ddagger}, Tonino Bucciarelli {ddagger}, and Lydia A. Bazzano {sect}

*Cardiology Unit "San Camillo de Lellis" Hospital, Manfredonia, Foggia, Italy; {dagger}Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; {ddagger}Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, University "G. D’Annunzio" Chieti, Italy; and {sect}Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

@ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: griccioni{at}hotmail.com.


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Abstract

Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) and LTB4 are potent proinflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway, which exerts important pharmacological effects through their interaction with specific receptors: Cys-LT receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2) and LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2). Published evidence justifies a broader role for LT receptor antagonists (LTRAs), in particular, montelukast, in the treatment of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and recently, in cardiocerebrovascular disease. The actions of Cys-LTs on the cardiovascular (CV) system are well-documented and include a broad array of activities with promising therapeutic targets in animal models exploring the use of selective 5-LO (or 5-LO-activating protein) inhibitors or dual LO-cycloxygenase-blocking agents in experimentally induced acute myocardial infarction. The picture that emerges from studies with LTRAs is more controversial at the moment, and some findings suggest a role for Cys-LTs in the extension of ischemic damage and in cardiac dysfunction during reperfusion; others do not. The aim of this short review is to summarize the state of present research about LT modifier treatment in CV disease.

Key Words: atherosclerosis • antileukotrienes • stroke • myocardial infarction • ALOX5AP • FLAP • 5-LO