Journal of Leukocyte Biology
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A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2007

Published online before print August 17, 2007
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© by The Society for Leukocyte Biology
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, doi:10.1189/jlb.0407251

Received for publication April 26, 2007.
Revised June 20, 2007.
Accepted for publication July 18, 2007.

Article

Inhibition of HIV replication by the plasminogen activator is dependent on vitronectin-mediated cell adhesion

Chiara Elia *, Edana Cassol *, Nicolai Sidenius {dagger}{ddagger}, Francesco Blasi {dagger}{ddagger}{sect}, Antonella Castagna ||, Guido Poli *{sect}, and Massimo Alfano *@

*AIDS Immunopathogenesis and {dagger}Molecular Genetics Units and ||Division of Infectious Diseases, San Luigi AIDS Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; {ddagger}Istituto Firc di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy; and {sect}Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy

@ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: massimo.alfano{at}hsr.it.


  Abstract

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), an inducer of macrophage adhesion, inhibits HIV-1 expression in PMA-stimulated, chronically infected U1 cells. We investigated whether uPA-dependent cell adhesion played a role in uPA-dependent inhibition of HIV-1 replication in these cells. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were generated from monocytes of HIV-infected individuals or from cells of seronegative donors infected acutely in vitro. U1 cells were stimulated in the presence or absence of uPA in standard tissue culture (TC) plates, allowing firm cell adhesion or ultra-low adhesion (ULA) plates. Moreover, U1 cells were also maintained in the presence or absence of vitronectin (VN)-containing sera or serum from VN-/- mice. Virus production was evaluated by RT activity in culture supernatants, whereas cell adhesion was by crystal violet staining and optical microscopy. uPA inhibited HIV replication in MDM and PMA-stimulated U1 cells in TC plates but not in ULA plates. uPA failed to inhibit HIV expression in U1 cells stimulated with IL-6, which induces virus expression but not cell adhesion in TC plates. VN, known to bind to the uPA/uPA receptor complex, was crucial for these adhesion-dependent, inhibitory effects of uPA on HIV expression, in that they were not observed in TC plates in the presence of VN-/- mouse serum. HIV production in control cell cultures was increased significantly in ULA versus TC plates, indicating that macrophage cell adhesion per se curtails HIV replication. In conclusion, uPA inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages via up-regulation of cell adhesion to the substrate mediated by VN.

Key Words: inflammation • AIDS • acute infection • chronic infection • amino-terminal fragment






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Copyright © 2007 by the Society for Leukocyte Biology.