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Published online before print June 29, 2006

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© by The Society for Leukocyte Biology
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, doi:10.1189/jlb.0206094

Received for publication February 13, 2006.
Revised May 16, 2006.
Accepted for publication May 17, 2006.

Article

Dendritic cell derived-exosomes: biology and clinical implementations

Nathalie Chaput ^*@, Caroline Flament ^*, Sophie Viaud ^*, Julien Taieb ^*, Stephan Roux ^*, Alain Spatz , Fabrice André ^*, Jean-Bernard LePecq , Muriel Boussac , Jérôme Garin , Sebastian Amigorena ^¶, Clotilde Théry ^¶, and Laurence Zitvogel ^*

*ERM0208 Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud-Université Paris XI, and Department of Biology and Pathology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Anosys Inc., Menlo Park, California; Laboratoire de chimie des protéines, Centre d’Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France; and ^¶U520/U365, INSERM, Institut Curie, Paris, France

^@ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nathalie.chaput{at}psl.aphp.fr.

	Abstract

Exosomes are nanometer-sized membrane vesicles invaginating from multivesicular bodies and secreted from different cell types. They represent an "in vitro" discovery, but vesicles with the hallmarks of exosomes are present in vivo in germinal centers and biological fluids. Their protein and lipid composition is unique and could account for their expanding functions such as eradication of obsolete proteins, antigen presentation, or "Trojan horses" for viruses or prions. The potential of dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex) as cell-free cancer vaccines is addressed in this review. Lessons learned from the pioneering clinical trials allowed reassessment of the priming capacities of Dex in preclinical models, optimizing clinical protocols, and delineating novel, biological features of Dex in cancer patients.

Key Words: cytotoxic T lymphocytes • NK cells • tumor immunotherapy • clinical trial

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