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Published online before print October 10, 2007

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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2008;83:1-12.)
© 2008 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

Roles of integrin activation in eosinophil function and the eosinophilic inflammation of asthma

Steven R. Barthel^*,, Mats W. Johansson, Dawn M. McNamee^*, and Deane F. Mosher^*,,1

^* Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and
Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

¹ Correspondence: Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4285A Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1532, USA. E-mail: dfmosher{at}facstaff.wisc.edu

Eosinophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of asthma. Integrins are highly versatile cellular receptors that regulate extravasation of eosinophils from the postcapillary segment of the bronchial circulation to the airway wall and airspace. Such movement into the asthmatic lung is described as a sequential, multistep paradigm, whereby integrins on circulating eosinophils become activated, eosinophils tether in flow and roll on bronchial endothelial cells, integrins on rolling eosinophils become further activated as a result of exposure to cytokines, eosinophils arrest firmly to adhesive ligands on activated endothelium, and eosinophils transmigrate to the airway in response to chemoattractants. Eosinophils express seven integrin heterodimeric adhesion molecules: 4β1 (CD49d/29), 6β1 (CD49f/29), Mβ2 (CD11b/18), Lβ2 (CD11a/18), Xβ2 (CD11c/18), Dβ2 (CD11d/18), and 4β7 (CD49d/β7). The role of these integrins in eosinophil recruitment has been elucidated by major advances in the understanding of integrin structure, integrin function, and modulators of integrins. Such findings have been facilitated by cellular experiments of eosinophils in vitro, studies of allergic asthma in humans and animal models in vivo, and crystal structures of integrins. Here, we elaborate on how integrins cooperate to mediate eosinophil movement to the asthmatic airway. Antagonists that target integrins represent potentially promising therapies in the treatment of asthma.

Key Words: cytokine • extravasation • podosome • recruitment • VCAM-1

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