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Published online before print August 24, 2004
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Editor-in-Chief
It has been seven years since the Society of Leukocyte Biology councilors initiated cash awards in honor of Dolph Adams. The $1000 award was established to recognize the most highly cited research paper and review article published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology (JLB) and was based on the number of citations over the past 5 years as a measure of the impact of the papers. The prizes are awarded to the corresponding authors, who decide how to share it with their coauthors. Last year’s winner, who had the highest number of citations from 1999 until and including 2003 in the review category, was by Luke O’Neill and Catherine Green entitled "Signal transduction pathways activated by IL-1 receptor family: ancient signaling machinery in mammals, insects, and plants" (J. Leukoc. Biol. 63, 650–657, 1998). From 1999 to 2003, the most highly cited, award-winning research article was by F. Annunziato, L. Cosmi, G. Galli, C. Beltrame, P. Romagnani, R. Manetti, S. Romagnani, and E. Maggi entitled "Assessment of chemokine receptor expression by human Th1 and Th2 cells in vitro and in vivo" (J. Leukoc. Biol. 65, 691–699, 1999).
In 2004, the most highly cited and shortest research article with 91 citations was by Hong-Bing Shu, Wen-Hui Hu, and Holly Johnson entitled "Tall-1 is a novel member of the TNF family that is down-regulated by mitogens" (J. Leukoc. Biol. 65, 680-683, 1999). Dr. Shu has been working on signaling by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members since he was a postdoctoral fellow with Dr. David Goeddel at Tularik Inc. (South San Francisco, CA) in 1995. He was the first to demonstrate that downstream signaling proteins, such as TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-associated death domain protein, receptor-interacting protein, TNFR-associated factor 2, and cellular inhibitor of activator protein 1, are recruited to the TNFR1 complex in a TNF-dependent process. This has become the paradigm about how all TNFR family members signal. In Dr. Goeddel’s laboratory, Dr. Shu also first cloned Casper, a protein that regulates death receptor-mediated apoptosis, which was subsequently reported by eight other laboratories and designated as cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin (IL)-1ß-converting enzyme (FLICE)-inhibitory protein, inhibitory-FLICE, and CASH among others. After his postdoctoral training with Dr. Goeddel, Dr. Shu worked in a biotechnology company for 1 year. Realizing his interest is basic research, he came back to academia to take an assistant professor position in the Department of Immunology at the National Jewish Medical and Research Center (Denver, CO) in 1998. Because of his interest in the TNF family, as the first project in his own laboratory, Dr. Shu and his technician, Ms. Holly Johnson, tried to identify novel TNF family members by searching the human expressed sequence tag databases. This effort led to the identification of TNF and ApoL-related leukocyte expressed ligand (TALL)-1 and -2, two related TNF family members. They further found that TALL-1 and TALL-2 are expressed by monocytes and macrophages and are down-regulated by mitogens. At that time, the functions of TALL-1 and TALL-2 were unknown. As a result of the heavy competition, they published their discovery on TALL-1 and TALL-2 in JLB in 1999. Soon after their publication, three more papers reported the same molecules, which were called Blys/BAFF/THANK (for TALL-1) and APRIL (for TALL-2), respectively. Two of these papers as well as numerous other studies after that have established TALL-1 as an essential cytokine for B cell development and survival. Up-regulation of TALL-1 leads to autoimmune diseases, and depletion of TALL-1 causes lack of mature B cells and antibodies. Therefore, the identification of TALL-1/Blys/BAFF/THANK has been regarded by many as one of the pivotal discoveries in B cell biology in the last decade. Dr. Shu’s paper has been highly cited as a result of the fact that his paper was the first publication about this important molecule.
After the identification of TALL-1, Dr. Shu and his colleagues further demonstrated that B cell maturation antigen is a receptor for TALL-1. In collaboration with Dr. Gongyi Zhang’s laboratory at the National Jewish Medical and Research Center, they deciphered the crystal structure of TALL-1, alone or in complex with its receptors. Dr. Shu’s group also identified multiple downstream genes induced by TALL-1 stimulation, which was also published in JLB in 2002. Currently, Dr. Shu is an associate professor at the National Jewish Medical and Research Center. In addition to his study on TALL-1 signaling, Dr. Shu’s group is working on signaling by other TNF family members and IL-1/Toll-like receptor family members. We also recognize and honor the five runner-up research articles with 59–44 citations, respectively, as follows:
+ and CD8– dendritic cells in the induction of primary immune responses in vivo" by R. Maldonado-Lopez, T. De Smedt, B. Pajak, C. Heirman, K. Thielemans, O. Leo, J. Urbain, C. R. Malisewski, and M. Moser (J. Leukoc. Biol. 66, 242–246, 1999). The Dolph Adams award-winning review article for 2004 with 173 citations was coauthored by Cees van Kooten and Jacques Banchereau with the shortest title, "CD40-CD40 ligand" (J. Leukoc. Biol. 67, 2–17, 2000). Dr. Jacques Banchereau reminded me that I had initially solicited a review of CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) for the on-line Cytokine Reference. However, it turned out that Dr. Edward Clarke had already covered the same topic. Dr. Banchereau therefore took me up on the suggestion to submit the award-winning review to JLB. Dr. Banchereau’s interest in CD40 was based on envy of the discovery of CD3 on T cells. He hypothesized that there should be an analogous molecule on B cells and therefore developed and tested a battery of anti-B cell antibodies. This led to the identification of a B cell-activating antibody as an anti-CD40, capable of establishing B cell lines (Science 251, 70–72, 1991). It was notable that this anti-CD40 also induced immunoglobulin (Ig) switching by B cells. Dr. Banchereau and his colleagues were surprised to learn from histochemical-staining studies that the anti-CD40 reacted markedly with dendritic cells (DC). Furthermore, they reported that the anti-CD40 was also a potent activator of DC (J. Exp. Med. 180, 1263–1272, 1994). Dr. Banchereau is the Director of the Baylor Institute for Immunology Research (Dallas, TX), where he has had the opportunity to treat patients with stage IV melanoma with DC activated ex vivo with CD40L and tumor antigens. Consequently, he has pursued studies of CD40:CD40L for over 15 years from a fundamental to a translational research level.
Dr. van Cooten worked on CD40-CD40L as a postdoctoral fellow and returned to the Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology (The Netherlands), where he is currently an associate professor and the head of the Transplantation Research Unit. There, he is engaged in various immunological projects involving IgA-nephropathy, interstitial nephritis, the activation of DC by C1q, and the use of DC to induce tolerance.
We also recognize and honor the five runner-up review articles with 135–79 citations, respectively, as follows:
B" by K. A. Roebuck, L. R. Carpenter, V. Lakshminarayanan, S. M. Page, J. N. Moy, and L. L. Thomas (J. Leukoc. Biol. 65, 291–298, 1999).
JLB continues to be in good fiscal health in 2004, thanks to page charges and institutional subscriptions. Fortunately, this enables us to cover the added expenses of publishing articles online within 1–3 weeks of acceptance online as "JLB Preprints." Our online submission and review systems have accelerated the processing and facilitated the review of papers, which now takes only an average of 31 days (26 days for re-reviews). The submission rate is up to 700–800 new papers and reviews per year. Our acceptance rate for papers is at 35%. Our citation index is stable at 4.18 compared with 4.13 last year. JLB ranks ninth of the 62 hematology journals and 10th of 
100 peer-reviewed immunology journals publishing primarily research articles. The number of competing journals continues to increase, but the journal continues to attract excellent papers and reviews.
JLB has initiated inclusion of a new category of brief reviews entitled Conceptual Perspectives. A number of them have already been published. They are intended to provide authors with the opportunity to express their opinions about controversial issues. Too often nowadays authors cannot clearly espouse their hypotheses in papers, and they are frequently overwhelmed by factual details in authoritative reviews. The Conceptual Perspectives articles aim to emphasize ideas with only limited documentation of the facts, including only one table and figure and a few references. It has, however, been difficult to solicit such articles. Investigators are understandably reluctant to publicize their ideas before they have the data in press. We would appreciate your suggestions for potential contributors with good ideas.
We are continuing to invite overviews from plenary speakers and papers from participants at selected meetings. The overview contributions are cited twice as often as the unsolicited papers; reviews, three times as often. We appreciate your suggestions and ideas for further improvement of JLB.
Related Articles
J. Leukoc. Biol. 2002 71: 445-457.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 2001 69: 1036-1044.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 2000 68: 1-8.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 2000 68: 9-14.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 2000 67: 2-17.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 1999 66: 242-246.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 1999 65: 680-683.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 1999 65: 691-699.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 1999 65: 409-415.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 1999 65: 291-298.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 1999 65: 117-126.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 1999 65: 6-15.
J. Leukoc. Biol. 1998 63: 650-657.
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