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INTRODUCTION |
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 TOP INTRODUCTION |
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The chemokines comprise a large protein family that can be divided into sub-families on the basis of structural motifs. The common property of chemokines is leukocyte chemotaxis.
Until recently, chemokines have been named randomly with no clear system being used. Some have been included with the interleukins (e.g., IL-8), others given names describing a function, e.g., macrophage chemotactic proteins. Others have been named according to the cell type that produces the chemokine, e.g., platelet factor 4, whereas others have been named arbitrarily. In some cases the names that have been chosen are cumbersome to use which has resulted in these chemokines being almost always referenced by an abbreviated form of the name e.g., RANTES. Many chemokines show overlapping functions. This has caused some confusion in identifying the molecules associated with particular experimental observations.
Chemokines mediate their biological effects via interactions with a large family of 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. Although each receptor subtype typically binds multiple chemokines, the specificity is restricted by chemokine subfamily. This has led to a logical receptor nomenclature system in which each receptor is designated by chemokine subfamily name (C, CC, CXC, CX3C) followed by the letter "R" (for "receptor") and a number based on the chronological order in which it was identified. This system has been in place since 1996 and has been officially endorsed by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology (Pharmacological Reviews, 2000, 52, 145–176). In some cases (see below) CD numbers have been assigned to particular chemokine receptors, and the block CD181-CD199 has been reserved for future use for such receptors.
In an attempt to clarify if not solve the now confused and complex nomenclature associated with chemokines, Drs. Osamu Yoshie and Albert Zlotnik have devised a systematic nomenclature paralleling that of the receptor nomenclature system that was recently published (Immunity, 2000, 12, 121–127). The Chemokine Nomenclature Subcommittee of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Immunological Societies has considered this system and recommended its adoption by IUIS/WHO. The system is outlined in the following table. Those scientists wishing to maintain a linkage with the historical nomenclature are recommended to quote this in brackets after the systematic name. The following table is an updated version of the system.
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FOOTNOTES |
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1 Kevin Bacon (Japan), Marco Baggiolini (Switzerland), Hal Broxmeyer (USA), Richard Horuk (USA), Ivan Lindley (Austria), Alberto Mantovani (Italy), Kouji Matsushima (Japan), Philip Murphy (USA), Hisayuki Nomiyama (Japan), Joost Oppenheim (USA), Antal Rot (Austria), Thomas Schall (USA), Monica Tsang (USA), Robin Thorpe (Chairman) (UK), Jo Van Damme (Belgium), Meenu Wadhwa (UK), Osamu Yoshie (Japan), Albert Zlotnik (USA), Kathy Zoon (USA)
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