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Published online before print August 11, 2003

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© by The Society for Leukocyte Biology
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, doi:10.1189/jlb.0503207

Received for publication May 7, 2003.
Revised July 15, 2003.
Accepted for publication July 18, 2003.

Article

Monocyte/macrophage traffic in HIV and SIV encephalitis

Woong-Ki Kim ^*, Sarah Corey ^*, Xavier Alvarez , and Kenneth Williams ^*@

*Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana

^@ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Kennneth_Williams{at}hms.harvard.edu.

	Abstract

This short review focuses on the role of central nervous system (CNS) perivascular macrophages as targets of productive infection of the CNS. Data discussed include the importance of these cells as early targets of infection and their productive infection with AIDS. Many of the immune molecules on perivascular macrophages are also found on subsets of blood monocyte/macrophages, some of which are expanded during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. These observations paired with the known bone marrow (BM) origin of perivascular macrophages and the BM as a site of HIV infection underscore the importance of the study of monocyte populations in the BM and blood, which are activated and infected as a source of virus that enters the CNS. Data presented and discussed herein suggest a role of HIV-infected BM-derived monocytes as "Trojan horse" cells that traffic to the CNS to become perivascular macrophages. The study of such cells including their timing of infection, activation, and traffic and the role of HIV-specific immune responses controlling their accumulation in the CNS warrant study with regard to CNS neuropathogenesis.

Key Words: perivascular macrophages • CNS • CD14 • CD16 • PCNA

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