Journal of Leukocyte Biology Myeloid cells, immune suppression, tumor immunology
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A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2003

Published online before print August 21, 2003
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© by The Society for Leukocyte Biology
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, doi:10.1189/jlb.0503204

Received for publication May 6, 2003.
Revised July 7, 2003.
Accepted for publication July 8, 2003.

Article

The contribution of monocyte infection and trafficking to viral persistence, and maintenance of the viral reservoir in HIV infection

Suzanne Crowe *@, Tuofu Zhu {dagger}, and William A. Muller {ddagger}

*AIDS Pathogenesis & Clinical Research Programme, The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia; {dagger}Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; {ddagger}Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York

@ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: crowe{at}burnet.edu.au.


  Abstract

Cellular viral reservoirs and anatomic sanctuary sites allow continuing HIV-1 replication in patients with suppressed plasma viremia who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy and prevent eradication of HIV-1 by these regimens. Cells of macrophage lineage, including monocytes subsets within the blood, play a role in HIV-1 persistence. Evidence of sequence evolution in blood monocytes, in comparison to resting CD4+ T cells, demonstrates their distinct contribution to plasma viremia. There is evidence to suggest that a specific monocyte subset, of CD14loCD16hi phenotype, is more susceptible to HIV-1 infection than the majority of blood monocytes. Trafficking of monocytes through various tissues following their emigration from the bloodstream allows these cells to differentiate into tissue macrophages, or potentially to egress from the tissues as migratory dendritic cells. This review provides an evaluation of the contribution of monocytes to HIV-1 persistence and the HIV-1 reservoir, essential for the effective design of therapeutic eradication strategies.

Key Words: Monocyte • macrophage • HIV-1 reservoir • HIV-1 persistence • trafficking • eradication • highly active antiretroviral therapy




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