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Originally published online as doi:10.1189/jlb.1208759 on April 28, 2009

Published online before print April 28, 2009
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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2009;86:337-348.)
© 2009 Society for Leukocyte Biology

Zinc transporter ZIP8 (SLC39A8) and zinc influence IFN-{gamma} expression in activated human T cells

Tolunay B. Aydemir*,{dagger}, Juan P. Liuzzi*, Steve McClellan{ddagger} and Robert J. Cousins*,{dagger},1

* Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences,
{dagger} Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, and
{ddagger} Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

1. Correspondence: University of Florida, 201 FSHN Building, P.O. Box 110370, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. E-mail: cousins{at}ufl.edu

ABSTRACT

The zinc transporter ZIP8 is highly expressed in T cells derived from human subjects. T cell ZIP8 expression was markedly up-regulated upon in vitro activation. T cells collected from human subjects who had received oral zinc supplementation (15 mg/day) had higher expression of the activation marker IFN-{gamma} upon in vitro activation, indicating a potentiating effect of zinc on T cell activation. Similarly, in vitro zinc treatment of T cells along with activation resulted in increased IFN-{gamma} expression with a maximum effect at 3.1 µM. Knockdown of ZIP8 in T cells by siRNA decreased ZIP8 levels in nonactivated and activated cells and concomitantly reduced secretion of IFN-{gamma} and perforin, both signatures of activation. Overexpression of ZIP8 by transient transfection caused T cells to exhibit enhanced activation. Confocal microscopy established that ZIP8 is localized to the lysosome where ZIP8 abundance is increased upon activation. Loss of lysosomal labile zinc in response to activation was measured by flow cytometry using a zinc fluorophore. Zinc between 0.8 and 3.1 µM reduced CN phosphatase activity. CN was also inhibited by the CN inhibitor FK506 and ZIP8 overexpression. The results suggest that zinc at low concentrations, through inhibition of CN, sustains phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB, yielding greater IFN-{gamma} expression in T cells. ZIP8, through control of zinc transport from the lysosome, may provide a secondary level of IFN-{gamma} regulation in T cells.

Key Words: signal transduction • adaptive immunity • zinc nutrition • nutritional immunity