Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System
Originally published online as doi:10.1189/jlb.0608338 on January 7, 2009

Published online before print January 7, 2009
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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2009;85:606-616.)
© 2009 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

Superantigen-mediated differentiation of bovine monocytes into dendritic cells

Keun Seok Seo*, Joo Youn Park{dagger}, William C. Davis{ddagger}, Lawrence K. Fox{dagger}, Mark A. McGuire§, Yong Ho Park|| and Gregory A. Bohach*,1

Departments of
* Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and
§ Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA; Departments of
{dagger} Veterinary Medicine and
{ddagger} Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; and
|| Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

1 Correspondence: Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, 6th and Rayburn Streets, Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Moscow, ID 83844-2337, USA. E-mail: gbohach{at}uidaho.edu

ABSTRACT

Although many effects of staphylococcal superantigens (SAg) on T cells are well established, less is known about their effects on APC. In this study, bovine PBMC were stimulated with a low dose of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1). The phenotype of adherent cells (Ac) derived from bovine PBMC cultured with SEC1 [SEC1-stimulated Ac (sAc)] for 192 h was CD14–, CD68–, CD163–, dendritic cell (DC)-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin+, MHC class II (MHC II)high, CD11alow, CD11bhigh, CD11chigh, and CD1bhigh, suggesting these cells were dendritic cells (DC). SEC1 also induced transcription of the CXCL1, -2, and -3 family, CXCL6, CCL2, and CCL5 genes in sAc, which increased rapidly but returned to basal levels by 48 h. In contrast, increased transcription of CCL3, CCL8, and CXCL12, responsible for mononuclear cell migration and chronic inflammation, was sustained. In vitro cell migration assays showed vigorous migration of granulocytes, followed by migration of mononuclear cells. The autologous MLR showed that sAc induced a dose-dependent proliferation of CD4+ T cells and an even stronger proliferation of CD8+ T cells. This effect was inhibited or reduced by pretreatment with mAb to CD11b, MHC II, or MHC II plus CD18. These results indicate that stimulation of bovine PBMC by SAg induces differentiation of monocytes into DC.

Key Words: staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 • chemokines • leukocyte trafficking • autologous MLR