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Originally published online as doi:10.1189/jlb.1107763 on May 8, 2008

Published online before print May 8, 2008
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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2008;84:587-594.)
© 2008 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

Chemokines in and out of the central nervous system: much more than chemotaxis and inflammation

Astrid E. Cardona1, Meizhang Li1, Liping Liu1, Carine Savarin1 and Richard M. Ransohoff2

Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

2 Correspondence: Cleveland Clinic, Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. E-mail: ransohr{at}ccf.org

ABSTRACT

Actions of chemokines and the interaction with specific receptors go beyond their original, defined role of recruiting leukocytes to inflamed tissues. Chemokine receptor expression in peripheral elements and resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) represents a relevant communication system during neuroinflammatory conditions. The following examples are described in this review: Chemokine receptors play important homeostatic properties by regulating levels of specific ligands in blood and tissues during healthy and pathological conditions; chemokines and their receptors are clearly involved in leukocyte extravasation and recruitment to the CNS, and current studies are directed toward understanding the interaction between chemokine receptors and matrix metalloproteinases in the process of blood brain barrier breakdown. We also propose novel functions of chemokine receptors during demyelination/remyelination, and developmental processes.

Key Words: demyelination • matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) • blood brain barrier (BBB) • experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) • coronavirus • development






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