Journal of Leukocyte Biology
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Originally published online as doi:10.1189/jlb.1207838 on March 19, 2008

Published online before print March 19, 2008
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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2008;83:1541-1550.)
© 2008 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

Endotoxemia down-regulates bone marrow lymphopoiesis but stimulates myelopoiesis: the effect of G6PD deficiency

Rachna Chandra, Erika Villanueva, Eleonora Feketova, George W. Machiedo, György Haskó, Edwin A. Deitch and Zoltán Spolarics1

Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA

1Correspondence: Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave., MSB G-626, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. E-mail: spolaric{at}umdnj.edu

ABSTRACT

Bone marrow (BM) dysfunction is an important component of immunomodulation. This study investigated alterations in cell content, apoptotic responses, and cell proliferation in BM, blood, and spleen in endotoxemic mice (LPS from Escherichia coli). As the decreased antioxidant status associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has been shown to modulate the innate immune response, we also tested whether a G6PD mutation (80% decrease in cellular enzyme activity) alters BM responses during endotoxemia. LPS decreased BM myeloid (CD45+CD11b+) and B lymphoid (CD45+CD19+CD11b–) cell content compared with controls. In contrast, LPS increased CD11b+ myeloid but decreased T and B cell counts in the circulation. Endotoxemia inhibited spontaneous, heat shock, and H2O2-induced apoptosis as well as proliferative activity in BM lymphoid cells. In contrast, BM myeloid cell apoptosis was not altered, and their proliferative activity was increased during endotoxemia. Following LPS, splenic myeloid cell content was increased, and T and B cell content was unchanged; furthermore, splenocytes showed increased apoptosis compared with controls. BM cell content, including lymphoid and myeloid cells, was greater in G6PD mutant than wild-type (WT) mice, and LPS decreased BM cell counts to a greater degree in mutant than WT mice. Endotoxemia caused widespread inhibition of BM cytokine and chemokine production; however, IL-6 production was increased compared with controls. LPS-induced IL-6 production was decreased in G6PD mutant animals compared with WT. This study indicates that endotoxin inversely affects BM myeloid and lymphoid cell production. LPS-induced down-regulation of B cell production contributes to the generalized lymphopenia and lymphocyte dysfunction observed following nonspecific immune challenges.

Key Words: lipopolysaccharide • B cells • erythroid • apoptosis • proliferation • glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase • cytokines






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