Published online before print February 15, 2008
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
* Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany;
Institute of Virology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany;
Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany;
Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany;
|| Global Drug Discovery; Bayer Schering Pharma, Berlin, Germany;
¶ Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany; and
# Institute of Medical Immunology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
1Correspondence: Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Campus-Charité Mitte, University Hospital Charité, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: kerstin.wolk{at}charite.de
IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29 are new members of the IL-10 interferon family. Monocytes are well-known sources of IL-19, IL-20, and IL-24. We demonstrated here that monocytes also expressed IL-29, and monocyte differentiation into macrophages (M
) or dendritic cells (DCs) strongly changed their production capacity of these cytokines. Maturation of DCs with bacterial stimuli induced high expression of IL-28/IL-29 and IL-20. Simulated T cell interaction and inflammatory cytokines induced IL-29 and IL-20 in maturing DCs, respectively. Compared with monocytes, DCs expressed only minimal IL-19 levels and no IL-24. The differentiation of monocytes into M reduced their IL-19 and terminated their IL-20, IL-24, and IL-29 production capacity. Like monocytes, neither M nor DCs expressed IL-22 or IL-26. The importance of maturing DCs as a source of IL-28/IL-29 was supported by the much higher mRNA levels of these mediators in maturing DCs compared with those in CMV-infected fibroblasts, and the presence of IL-28 in lymph nodes but not in liver of lipopolysaccharide-injected mice. IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24, and IL-26 do not seem to affect M or DCs as deduced from the lack of corresponding receptor chains. The significance of IL-20 and IL-28/IL-29 coexpression in maturing DCs may lie in the broadly amplified innate immunity in neighboring tissue cells like keratinocytes. In fact, IL-20 induced the expression of antimicrobial proteins, whereas IL-28/IL-29 enhanced the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the response to TLR ligands. However, the strongest response to TLR2 and TLR3 activation showed keratinocytes in the simultaneous presence of IL-20 and IL-29.
Key Words: interferon-lambda • cytomegalovirus • chondrocytes • TLR2 • TLR3 • legumain
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. Li, X. Liu, Y. Zhou, and S. B. Su Interferon-{lambda}s: the modulators of antivirus, antitumor, and immune responses J. Leukoc. Biol., July 1, 2009; 86(1): 23 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Siegemund, N. Schutze, S. Schulz, K. Wolk, K. Nasilowska, R. K. Straubinger, R. Sabat, and G. Alber Differential IL-23 requirement for IL-22 and IL-17A production during innate immunity against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis Int. Immunol., May 1, 2009; 21(5): 555 - 565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Wahl, W. Muller, F. Leithauser, G. Adler, F. Oswald, J. Reimann, R. Schirmbeck, A. Seier, J. M. Weiss, B. Prochnow, et al. IL-20 Receptor 2 Signaling Down-Regulates Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses J. Immunol., January 15, 2009; 182(2): 802 - 810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
