Journal of Leukocyte Biology BioLegend: Treg, Th17, Stem Cell
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Originally published online as doi:10.1189/jlb.0607363 on December 7, 2007

Published online before print December 7, 2007
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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2008;83:512-517.)
© 2008 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

From CNI-1493 to the immunological homunculus: physiology of the inflammatory reflex

Stacey L. Oke and Kevin J. Tracey1

Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ System, Manhasset, New York, USA

1Correspondence: Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. E-mail: kjtracey{at}nshs.edu

ABSTRACT

The inflammatory reflex is a neurophysiological mechanism that regulates the immune system. The efferent branch of the reflex the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, which inhibits inflammation by suppressing cytokine synthesis via release of acetylcholine in organs of the reticuloendothelial system, including the spleen, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. Acetylcholine binds to {alpha}7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed by macrophages and other cytokine-producing cells. Receptor-ligand engagement suppresses proinflammatory cytokines and prevents tissue damage. Herein is a review of some of the experimental studies that define the inflammatory reflex and its anatomic and physiologic components.

Key Words: cytokine • TNF • inflammation • cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway






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