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Originally published online as doi:10.1189/jlb.0706426 on October 17, 2006

Published online before print October 17, 2006
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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2007;81:383-392.)
© 2007 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

The melanocortin system in leukocyte biology

Anna Catania1

Center for Preclinical Investigation, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milan, Italy

1 Correspondence: Centro di Sperimentazione Preclinica, Padiglione Granelli, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Via F. Sforza 35, Milano 20122, Italy. E-mail: anna.catania{at}unimi.it

The melanocortin system is composed of the melanocortin peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone and {alpha}-, ß-, and {gamma}-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, the melanocortin receptors (MCRs), and the endogenous antagonists agouti- and agouti-related protein. Melanocortin peptides exert multiple effects upon the host, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Leukocytes are a source of melanocortins and a major target for these peptides. Because of reduced translocation of the nuclear factor NF-{kappa}B to the nucleus, MCR activation by their ligands causes a collective reduction of the most important molecules involved in the inflammatory process. This review examines how melanocortin peptides and their receptors participate in leukocyte biology.

Key Words: adrenocorticotropic hormone • {alpha}-melanocyte-stimulating hormone • melanocortin receptors • melanocortin peptides • nuclear factor-{kappa}B • neuroimmunomodulation • pro-opiomelanocortin




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