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Published online before print October 17, 2006

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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2007;81:355-363.)
© 2007 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

NF-B is required for STAT-4 expression during dendritic cell maturation

Maria Elena Remoli^*, Josiane Ragimbeau, Elena Giacomini^*, Valerie Gafa^*, Martina Severa^*, Roberto Lande^*, Sandra Pellegrini and Eliana M. Coccia^*,1

^* Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; and
Unit of Cytokine Signaling, CNRS URA 1961, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

¹Correspondence: Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. E-mail: e.coccia{at}iss.it

The transcription factor STAT-4 plays a pivotal role in the IL-12-mediated development of naive CD4⁺ T cells into the Th1 phenotype. Initially thought to be restricted to the lymphoid lineage, STAT-4 was subsequently shown to be expressed in the myeloid compartment, mainly in activated monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC). Here, we have studied STAT-4 in human monocyte-derived DC, and we demonstrated that its expression can be induced by multiple stimuli, such as the ligands for TLR-4, TLR-2, and TLR-3, different pathogens, CD40 ligand, and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF- and IL-1ß. It is interesting that we found that STAT-4 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to type I IFN but not IL-12 in human mature DC. Cloning and functional analysis of the STAT-4 promoter showed that a NF-B binding site, localized at –969/–959 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site, is involved in the regulation of this gene in primary human DC. EMSAs using a probe containing this NF-B binding sequence and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that p65/p50 and p50/p50 dimers were the main NF-B/Rel proteins involved in STAT-4 gene expression in maturing DC. The mutation of this B site or the overexpression of the repressor IB exerted an inhibitory effect on a STAT-4 promoter-driven reporter as well as on STAT-4 expression. Altogether, these results indicate that STAT-4 can be finely tuned along with DC maturation through NF-B activation and that its induction may be involved in preparing the DC to be receptive to the cytokine environment present in lymphoid organs.

Key Words: human primary DC • type I IFN • TLR

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