Published online before print February 14, 2006
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* Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy;
Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy;
L. Sacco Hospital and
Centro IDET, Institute of General Pathology, University of Milan, Italy;
¶ Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; and
|| Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
1Correspondence: Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milan), Italy. E-mail: barbara.bottazzi{at}humanitas.it
ABSTRACT
The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is member of a complex superfamily of multifunctional proteins characterized by a cyclic multimeric structure. PTX3 is highly conserved in evolution and is produced by innate-immunity cells in response to proinflammatory signals and Toll-like receptor engagement. PTX3 plays complex, nonredundant functions in vivo, acting as a predecessor of antibodies, recognizing microbes, activating complement, facilitating pathogen recognition by phagocytes, and hence, playing a nonredundant role in resistance against selected pathogens. In addition, PTX3 is essential in female fertility by acting as a nodal point for the assembly of the cumulus oophorus hyaluronan-rich extracellular matrix. Thus, the prototypic long pentraxin PTX3 is a multifunctional, soluble pattern recognition receptor acting as a nonredundant component of the humoral arm of innate immunity and involved in matrix deposition and female fertility.
Key Words: acute-phase protein • extracellular matrix • acute myocardial infarction
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