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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2006;79:896-903.)
© 2006 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

Recognition ligands on apoptotic cells: a perspective

Shyra J. Gardai*, Donna L. Bratton{dagger}, Carole Anne Ogden{ddagger} and Peter M. Henson*,{dagger},1

* Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver;
{dagger} Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado; and
{ddagger} Department of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle

1Correspondence: Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206-2761. E-mail: hensonp{at}njc.org

ABSTRACT

The process of apoptosis includes critically important changes on the cell surface that lead to its recognition and removal. The recognition also generates a number of other local tissue responses including suppression of inflammation and immunity. It is surprising that the ligands generated on the apoptotic cell, which mediates these effects, have received relatively little attention. Some of these candidate molecules and possible mechanisms for their surface expression are addressed herein, with particular emphasis on phosphatidylserine and calreticulin. However, exposure of such ligands is exclusive to apoptosis and may, in fact, occur on viable cells. To partially explain the lack of response to such potential stimuli, the presence on viable cells of "don’t eat me" signals, in this case, CD47 is suggested to prevent such unwarranted actions. Loss or inactivation of the don’t eat me CD47 effects accompanies apoptosis and now allow the cells to be recognized and cleared.

Key Words: apoptosis • efferocytosis • calreticulin • phosphatidylserine • CD47 • collectins




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