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Published online before print June 3, 2005

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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2005;78:345-351.)
© 2005 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

Professional phagocytic granulocytes of the bony fish gilthead seabream display functional adaptation to testicular microenvironment

Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain

¹ Correspondence: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain. E-mail: vmulero{at}um.es

It has been shown previously that professional phagocytic granulocytes are present in the testis of the gilthead seabream, a seasonal breeding teleost that offers an excellent model for studying the testicular regression process that occurs in seasonal testicular involution and sex change. It is unexpected that testicular granulocytes produce interleukin-1ß, a regulator for spermatogonia proliferation in mammals, but are not involved in the elimination of degenerative germ cells. Here, we show that phagocytosis and reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production were suppressed dramatically in testicular phagocytic granulocytes, compared with their level of activity in the head-kidney, the main hematopoietic organ in fish. Furthermore, testicular-conditioned media modulated migration, phagocytosis, and ROI production of head-kidney phagocytic granulocytes, and the addition of testicular cells impaired their ROI production capacity. Until now, monocytes/macrophages were believed to be the only innate immune cells able to develop into functional subsets, whereas neutrophils only infiltrate the tissues upon infection or inflammation. Our findings demonstrate, however, that fish professional phagocytic granulocytes also display functional adaptation to different microenvironments and strongly suggest a role for these cells in the reorganization of the testis during post-spawning.

Key Words: neutrophils • phagocytosis • testis • reproductive immunology • evolution

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