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Published online before print June 3, 2004

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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2004;76:701-708.)
© 2004 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

I-TAC/CXCL11 is a natural antagonist for CCR5

Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland

¹ Correspondence: Division of Allergology, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, Sahlihaus 1, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. E-mail: basil.gerber{at}dkf6.unibe.ch

The selective CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) agonists, monokine induced by interferon- (IFN- )/CXC chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), IFN-inducible protein 10/CXCL10, and IFN-inducible T cell chemoattractant (I-TAC)/CXCL11, attract CXCR3⁺ cells such as CD45RO⁺ T lymphocytes, B cells, and natural killer cells. Further, all three chemokines are potent, natural antagonists for chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and feature defensin-like, antimicrobial activities. In this study, we show that I-TAC, in addition to these effects, acts as an antagonist for CCR5. I-TAC inhibited the binding of macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1)/CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) to cells transfected with CCR5 and to monocytes. Furthermore, cell migration evoked by regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 and MIP-1ß/CCL4, the selective agonist of CCR5, was inhibited in transfected cells and monocytes, respectively. In two other functional assays, namely the release of free intracellular calcium and actin polymerization, I-TAC reduced CCR5 activities to minimal levels. Sequence and structure analyses indicate a potential role for K17, K49, and Q51 of I-TAC in CCR5 binding. Our results expand on the potential role of I-TAC as a negative modulator in leukocyte migration and activation, as I-TAC would specifically counteract the responses mediated by many "classical," inflammatory chemokines that act not only via CCR3 but via CCR5 as well.

Key Words: chemokine • receptor • competitive • leukocyte • migration

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