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Published online before print December 12, 2003
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,1
* Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; and
Centro di Eccellenza per l'Innovazione Diagnostica e Terapeutica (IDET) Institute of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
1 Correspondence: Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy. E-mail: Mantovani{at}marionegri.it
Following the identification of the interleukin (IL)-1 type II receptor as a prototypic decoy receptor, nonsignaling receptors with decoy functions have been identified for members of the IL-1/IL-18, tumor necrosis factor, IL-10, and IL-13 receptor families. Moreover, the silent receptor D6 is a promiscuous decoy and scavenger receptor of inflammatory chemokines. The type II IL-1 decoy receptor also acts as a dominant-negative molecule. Intracellular pathways of inhibition of IL-1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling have been identified. In particular, recent results suggest that the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) family member TIR8, also known as single immunoglobulin IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR), is a negative regulator of IL-1 and TLR signaling. Thus, extracellular and intracellular decoys tune the activation of members of the IL-1/TLR receptor family.
Key Words: inflammation • interleukin-1 • signaling • chemokines
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