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Published online before print November 11, 2003
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,1
* Centre for Immunology, Neuroimmunology Department, and
Department of Neurology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
1 Correspondence: Centre for Immunology, Neuroimmunology Department, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Boundary St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. E-mail: G.Guillemin{at}cfi.unsw.edu.au
The phenotypic differentiation of systemic macrophages that have infiltrated the central nervous system, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and the "real" resident microglial cells is a major immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical concern for all users of cultures of brain cells and brain sections. It is not only important in assessing the purity of cell cultures; it is also of fundamental importance in the assessment of the pathogenetic significance of perivascular inflammatory phenomena within the brain. The lack of a single membranous and/or biochemical marker allowing conclusive identification of these cells is still a major problem in neurobiology. This review briefly discusses the functions of these cells and catalogs a large number of membranous and biochemical markers, which can assist in the identification of these cells.
Key Words: brain • monocyte cells • differentiation
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