Published online before print August 11, 2003
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 575, Strasbourg, France
1Correspondence: Unité 575 INSERM, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France. E-mail: schaeffer{at}neurochem.u-strasbg.fr
Transcription is a crucial step for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) expression in all infected host cells, from T lymphocytes, thymocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the immune system up to microglial cells in the central nervous system. To maximize its replication, HIV-1 adapts transcription of its integrated proviral genome by ideally exploiting the specific cellular environment and by forcing cellular stimulatory events and impairing transcriptional inhibition. Multiple cell type-specific interplays between cellular and viral factors perform the challenge for the virus to leave latency and actively replicate in a great diversity of cells, despite the variability of its long terminal repeat region in different HIV strains. Knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulatory events helps in the search for therapeutic agents that target the step of transcription in anti-HIV strategies.
Key Words: cellular specificity • LTR • Tat • acetylation • monocytes
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  K. Ohba, A. Ryo, Md. Z. Dewan, M. Nishi, T. Naito, X. Qi, Y. Inagaki, Y. Nagashima, Y. Tanaka, T. Okamoto, et al. Follicular Dendritic Cells Activate HIV-1 Replication in Monocytes/Macrophages through a Juxtacrine Mechanism Mediated by P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 J. Immunol., July 1, 2009; 183(1): 524 - 532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Paruch, M. Heinis, J. Lemay, G. Hoeffel, C. Maranon, A. Hosmalin, and A. Perianin CCR5 signaling through phospholipase D involves p44/42 MAP-kinases and promotes HIV-1 LTR-directed gene expression FASEB J, December 1, 2007; 21(14): 4038 - 4046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Zhang, A. Klatt, D. S. Gilmour, and A. J. Henderson Negative Elongation Factor NELF Represses Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transcription by Pausing the RNA Polymerase II Complex J. Biol. Chem., June 8, 2007; 282(23): 16981 - 16988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Nevado, S. P Tenbaum, A. I. Castillo, A. Sanchez-Pacheco, and A. Aranda Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type I long terminal repeat by 1{alpha},25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 J. Mol. Endocrinol., June 1, 2007; 38(6): 587 - 601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Williams, H. Kwon, L.-F. Chen, and W. C. Greene Sustained Induction of NF-{kappa}B Is Required for Efficient Expression of Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 J. Virol., June 1, 2007; 81(11): 6043 - 6056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Darnell, W. A. Schroder, J. Gardner, D. Harrich, H. Yu, R. L. Medcalf, D. Warrilow, T. M. Antalis, S. Sonza, and A. Suhrbier SerpinB2 Is an Inducible Host Factor Involved in Enhancing HIV-1 Transcription and Replication J. Biol. Chem., October 20, 2006; 281(42): 31348 - 31358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Zaunders, S. Ip, M. L. Munier, D. E. Kaufmann, K. Suzuki, C. Brereton, S. C. Sasson, N. Seddiki, K. Koelsch, A. Landay, et al. Infection of CD127+ (Interleukin-7 Receptor+) CD4+ Cells and Overexpression of CTLA-4 Are Linked to Loss of Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells during Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection. J. Virol., October 1, 2006; 80(20): 10162 - 10172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S.J. Challacombe and J.R. Naglik The Effects of HIV Infection on Oral Mucosal Immunity Advances in Dental Research, April 1, 2006; 19(1): 29 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Marban, L. Redel, S. Suzanne, C. Van Lint, D. Lecestre, S. Chasserot-Golaz, M. Leid, D. Aunis, E. Schaeffer, and O. Rohr COUP-TF interacting protein 2 represses the initial phase of HIV-1 gene transcription in human microglial cells Nucleic Acids Res., April 22, 2005; 33(7): 2318 - 2331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bafica, C. A. Scanga, M. Schito, D. Chaussabel, and A. Sher Influence of Coinfecting Pathogens on HIV Expression: Evidence for a Role of Toll-Like Receptors J. Immunol., June 15, 2004; 172(12): 7229 - 7234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. G. Collman, C.-F. Perno, S. M. Crowe, M. Stevenson, and L. J. Montaner HIV and cells of macrophage/dendritic lineage and other non-T cell reservoirs: new answers yield new questions J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2003; 74(5): 631 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
