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Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
Correspondence: Dr. Yvonne Samstag, Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: o69{at}ix.urz.uni-heidelberg.de
Dynamic rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton are crucial for the function of numerous cellular elements including T lymphocytes. They are required for migration of T lymphocytes through the body to scan for the presence of antigens, as well as for the formation and stabilization of the immunological synapse at the interface between antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes. Supramolecular activation clusters within the immunological synapse play an important role for the initiation of T cell responses and for the execution of T cell effector functions. In addition to the T cell receptor/CD3 induced actin nucleation via Wasp/Arp2/3-activation, signals through accessory receptors of the T cell (i.e., costimulation) regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics. In this regard, the actin-binding proteins cofilin and L-plastin represent prominent candidates linking accessory receptor stimulation to the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Cofilin enhances actin polymerization via its actin-severing activity, and as a long-lasting effect, cofilin generates novel actin monomers through F-actin depolymerization. L-plastin stabilizes actin filament structures by means of its actin-bundling activity.
Key Words: costimulation • cofilin • L-plastin • enhanced actin polymerization • immunological synapse
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