Journal of Leukocyte Biology Myeloid cells, immune suppression, tumor immunology
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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2002;72:847-855.)
© 2002 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

Multiple control of interleukin-8 gene expression

Elke Hoffmann, Oliver Dittrich-Breiholz, Helmut Holtmann and Michael Kracht

Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School Hannover, Germany

Correspondence: Dr. Michael Kracht, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. E-mail: Kracht.Michael{at}MH-Hannover.de

Interleukin (IL)-8, a prototypic human chemokine, was detected more than a decade ago as the founding member of the chemokine superfamily. One of the most remarkable properties of IL-8 is the variation of its expression levels. In healthy tissues, IL-8 is barely detectable, but it is rapidly induced by ten- to 100-fold in response to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor or IL-1, bacterial or viral products, and cellular stress. Recently, significant advances in the understanding of signaling pathways, which coordinately regulate IL-8 transcription as well as mRNA stabilization in response to external stimuli, have been made. Maximal IL-8 amounts are generated by a combination of three different mechanisms: first, derepression of the gene promoter; second, transcriptional activation of the gene by nuclear factor-{kappa}B and JUN-N-terminal protein kinase pathways; and third, stabilization of the mRNA by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In that way, cells are able to rapidly increase and at the same time, to fine-tune the amount of IL-8 secreted and thereby control the extent of leukocytes attracted to sites of tissue injury.

Key Words: MAPK • NF-{kappa}B • interleukin-8 • transcription • mRNA stability


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