|
|
||||||||

Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee; and
* Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
Correspondence: Ann Richmond, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, MCN T-2212, Nashville, TN 37232. E-mail: ann.richmond{at}mcmail.vanderbilt.edu
The CXC chemokine, CXCL1 (melanoma growth-stimulatory activity/growth-regulated protein
), plays a major role in inflammation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. Recently, chemokines have been extensively related to cellular transformation, tumor growth, homing, and metastasis. CXCL1 and its mouse homologue MIP-2 have been shown to be involved in the process of tumor formation. When chemokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL8 (IL-8) become disregulated so that they are chronically expressed, tissue damage, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis can follow. This up-regulation of chemokines has been attributed to constitutive activation of NF-
B. The constitutive NF-
B activation is an emerging hallmark in various types of tumors including breast, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, as well as melanoma. Previous findings from our laboratory and other laboratories have demonstrated the role of endogenous activation of NF-
B in association with enhanced metastatic potential of malignant melanoma cells and suggest that targeting NF-
B may have potential therapeutic effects in clinical trials. An important step in this direction would be to delineate the important intracellular pathways and upstream kinases involved in up-regulation of NF-
B in melanoma cells. In this review, the signaling pathways involved in the disregulation of NF-
B and chemokine expression are discussed.
Key Words: chemokines NF-
B signaling
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
M. Schon, B. G. Wienrich, S. Kneitz, H. Sennefelder, K. Amschler, V. Vohringer, O. Weber, T. Stiewe, K. Ziegelbauer, and M. P. Schon KINK-1, a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of IKK{beta}, and the Susceptibility of Melanoma Cells to Antitumoral Treatment J Natl Cancer Inst, June 18, 2008; 100(12): 862 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. E. Bachmeier, I. V. Mohrenz, V. Mirisola, E. Schleicher, F. Romeo, C. Hohneke, M. Jochum, A. G. Nerlich, and U. Pfeffer Curcumin downregulates the inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2 in breast cancer cells via NF{kappa}B Carcinogenesis, April 1, 2008; 29(4): 779 - 789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Bakalian, J.-C. Marshall, P. Logan, D. Faingold, S. Maloney, S. Di Cesare, C. Martins, B. F. Fernandes, and M. N. Burnier Jr. Molecular Pathways Mediating Liver Metastasis in Patients with Uveal Melanoma Clin. Cancer Res., February 15, 2008; 14(4): 951 - 956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Richmond CCR9 Homes Metastatic Melanoma Cells to the Small Bowel Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2008; 14(3): 621 - 623. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Ribaux, J. A. Ehses, N. Lin-Marq, F. Carrozzino, M. Boni-Schnetzler, E. Hammar, J.-C. Irminger, M. Y. Donath, and P. A. Halban Induction of CXCL1 by Extracellular Matrix and Autocrine Enhancement by Interleukin-1 in Rat Pancreatic {beta}-Cells Endocrinology, November 1, 2007; 148(11): 5582 - 5590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Wen, S. F. Giardina, D. Hamming, J. Greenman, E. Zachariah, M. D. Bacolod, H. Liu, J. Shia, P. S. Amenta, F. Barany, et al. GRO{alpha} Is Highly Expressed in Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Down-Regulates Fibulin-1. Clin. Cancer Res., October 15, 2006; 12(20): 5951 - 5959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Rutella, G. Bonanno, A. Procoli, A. Mariotti, D. G. de Ritis, A. Curti, S. Danese, G. Pessina, S. Pandolfi, F. Natoni, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor favors monocyte differentiation into regulatory interleukin (IL)-10++IL-12low/neg accessory cells with dendritic-cell features Blood, July 1, 2006; 108(1): 218 - 227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Kakinuma and S. T. Hwang Chemokines, chemokine receptors, and cancer metastasis J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2006; 79(4): 639 - 651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Zhou, J. Zhang, Q. Liu, R. Bell, D. A. Muruve, P. Forsyth, M. Arcellana-Panlilio, S. Robbins, and V.W. Yong The chemokine GRO-{alpha} (CXCL1) confers increased tumorigenicity to glioma cells Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2005; 26(12): 2058 - 2068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Milyavsky, Y. Tabach, I. Shats, N. Erez, Y. Cohen, X. Tang, M. Kalis, I. Kogan, Y. Buganim, N. Goldfinger, et al. Transcriptional Programs following Genetic Alterations in p53, INK4A, and H-Ras Genes along Defined Stages of Malignant Transformation Cancer Res., June 1, 2005; 65(11): 4530 - 4543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Q.-J. Li, M. Yao, M. Dueck, J. E. Feugate, V. Parpura, and M. Martins-Green cCXCR1 is a receptor for cIL-8 (9E3/cCAF) and its N- and C-terminal peptides and is also activated by hIL-8 (CXCL8) J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2005; 77(3): 421 - 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Sun, P. Gao, L. Chen, D. Ma, J. Wang, J. J. Oppenheim, and N. Zhang Protein Kinase C {zeta} Is Required for Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Chemotaxis of Human Breast Cancer Cells Cancer Res., February 15, 2005; 65(4): 1433 - 1441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C.-Y. Hao, D. H. Moore, P. Wong, J. L. Bennington, N. M. Lee, and L.-C. Chen Alteration of Gene Expression in Macroscopically Normal Colonic Mucosa from Individuals with a Family History of Sporadic Colon Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., February 15, 2005; 11(4): 1400 - 1407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Hu, H. Sun, J. Drake, F. Kittrell, M. C. Abba, L. Deng, S. Gaddis, A. Sahin, K. Baggerly, D. Medina, et al. From Mice to Humans: Identification of Commonly Deregulated Genes in Mammary Cancer via Comparative SAGE Studies Cancer Res., November 1, 2004; 64(21): 7748 - 7755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. C. Corton, U. Apte, S. P. Anderson, P. Limaye, L. Yoon, J. Latendresse, C. Dunn, J. I. Everitt, K. A. Voss, C. Swanson, et al. Mimetics of Caloric Restriction Include Agonists of Lipid-activated Nuclear Receptors J. Biol. Chem., October 29, 2004; 279(44): 46204 - 46212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Zhang, T. J. Rogers, M. Caterina, and J. J. Oppenheim Proinflammatory Chemokines, Such as C-C Chemokine Ligand 3, Desensitize {micro}-Opioid Receptors on Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons J. Immunol., July 1, 2004; 173(1): 594 - 599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |