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Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Correspondence: Yvette van Kooyk, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, van de Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: Y.van_Kooyk.cell{at}med.vu.nl
Dendritic cells (DC) are present in essentially every tissue where they operate at the interface of innate and acquired immunity by recognizing pathogens and presenting pathogen-derived peptides to T cells. It is becoming clear that not all C-type lectins on DC serve as antigen receptors recognizing pathogens through carbohydrate structures. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN is unique in that it regulates adhesion processes, such as DC trafficking and T-cell synapse formation, as well as antigen capture. Moreover, even though several C-type lectins have been shown to bind HIV-1, DC-SIGN does not only capture HIV-1 but also protects it in early endosomes allowing HIV-1 transport by DC to lymphoid tissues, where it enhances trans infection of T cells. Here we discuss the carbohydrate/protein recognition profile and other features of DC-SIGN that contribute to the potency of DC to control immunity.
Key Words: HIV-1 • ICAM-3 • ICAM-2 • carbohydrates • adhesion • antigen receptor
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