| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Correspondence: Dr. Catherine J. Field, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 3-18e Agriculture Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5. E-mail: Catherine.Field{at}ualberta.ca
Almost all nutrients in the diet play a crucial role in maintaining an "optimal" immune response, such that deficient and excessive intakes can have negative consequences on immune status and susceptibility to a variety of pathogens. Iron and vitamin A deficiencies and protein-energy malnutrition are highly prevalent worldwide and are important to the public health in terms of immunocompetence. There are also nutrients (i.e., glutamine, arginine, fatty acids, vitamin E) that provide additional benefits to immunocompromised persons or patients who suffer from various infections. The remarkable advances in immunology of recent decades have provided insights into the mechanisms responsible for the effects of various nutrients in the diet on specific functions in immune cells. In this review, we will present evidence and proposed mechanisms for the importance of a small group of nutrients that have been demonstrated to affect host resistance to infection will be presented. An inadequate status of some of these nutrients occurs in many populations in the world (i.e., vitamin A, iron, and zinc) where infectious disease is a major health concern. We will also review nutrients that may specifically modulate host defense to infectious pathogens (long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, and nucleotides). A detailed review of the effect of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids on host defense is provided as an example of how the disciplines of nutrition and immunology have been combined to identify key mechanisms and propose nutrient-directed management of immune-related syndromes.
Key Words: arginine • glutamine • zinc • vitamin E • vitamin A • nucleotides • docosahexaenoic acid • eicosapentaenoic acid • ascorbic acid • iron
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  A. Boynton, M. L Neuhouser, M. H Wener, B. Wood, B. Sorensen, Z. Chen-Levy, E. A Kirk, Y. Yasui, K. LaCroix, A. McTiernan, et al. Associations between healthy eating patterns and immune function or inflammation in overweight or obese postmenopausal women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2007; 86(5): 1445 - 1455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Smith Host resource supplies influence the dynamics and outcome of infectious disease Integr. Comp. Biol., August 1, 2007; 47(2): 310 - 316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. A. Siddiqui, K. A. Harvey, G. P. Zaloga, and W. Stillwell Modulation of Lipid Rafts by {Omega}-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Cancer: Implications for Use of Lipids During Nutrition Support Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 2007; 22(1): 74 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. T. Chang, K. M. Balter, A. Torrang, K. E. Smedby, M. Melbye, C. Sundstrom, B. Glimelius, and H.-O. Adami Nutrient Intake and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Am. J. Epidemiol., December 15, 2006; 164(12): 1222 - 1232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.D KONTOGIANNI, A ZAMPELAS, and C TSIGOS Nutrition and Inflammatory Load Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2006; 1083(1): 214 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. L Thomas, J. G Wheeler, and A. J Hall Micronutrient intake and the risk of herpes zoster: a case-control study Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2006; 35(2): 307 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. W. Wieland, S. Florquin, E. D. Chan, J. C. Leemans, S. Weijer, A. Verbon, G. Fantuzzi, and T. van der Poll Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice Int. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 17(11): 1399 - 1408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Geyeregger, M. Zeyda, G. J. Zlabinger, W. Waldhausl, and T. M. Stulnig Polyunsaturated fatty acids interfere with formation of the immunological synapse J. Leukoc. Biol., May 1, 2005; 77(5): 680 - 688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Kaminogawa and M. Nanno Modulation of Immune Functions by Foods Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., December 1, 2004; 1(3): 241 - 250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Saito, Y. Yoshida, T. Akazawa, K. Takahashi, and E. Niki Cell Death Caused by Selenium Deficiency and Protective Effect of Antioxidants J. Biol. Chem., October 10, 2003; 278(41): 39428 - 39434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Pussinen, T. Laatikainen, G. Alfthan, S. Asikainen, and P. Jousilahti Periodontitis Is Associated with a Low Concentration of Vitamin C in Plasma Clin. Vaccine Immunol., September 1, 2003; 10(5): 897 - 902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Zeyda, A. B. Szekeres, M. D. Saemann, R. Geyeregger, H. Stockinger, G. J. Zlabinger, W. Waldhausl, and T. M. Stulnig Suppression of T Cell Signaling by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Selectivity in Inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor Activation J. Immunol., June 15, 2003; 170(12): 6033 - 6039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. C. Pithon-Curi, R. I. Schumacher, J. J. S. Freitas, C. Lagranha, P. Newsholme, A. C. Palanch, S. Q. Doi, and R. Curi Glutamine delays spontaneous apoptosis in neutrophils Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, June 1, 2003; 284(6): C1355 - C1361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. L. Goldenberg The Plausibility of Micronutrient Deficiency in Relationship to Perinatal Infection J. Nutr., May 1, 2003; 133(5): 1645S - 1648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. T. Keusch The History of Nutrition: Malnutrition, Infection and Immunity J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 336S - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
