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* Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy,
The Burn and Shock Trauma Institute,
Alcohol Research Program,
Department of Surgery, and
|| Immunology and Aging Program, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
Correspondence: Elizabeth J. Kovacs, Ph.D., Building 110, Room 4221, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail: ekovacs{at}lumc.edu
This study examined whether estrogen treatment can improve immunity in
male mice after combined ethanol and burn injuries. 17ß-Estradiol
[estrogen, given subcutaneously (s.c.)] or oil (control) was
administered at 30 min and 24 h postinjury. At 48 h
postinjury, ethanol/burn-injured mice demonstrated significant
suppression of cellular immunity. Estrogen treatment restored the delayed-type hypersensitivity (P<0.01) and
splenocyte-proliferative (P<0.05) responses, reduced
macrophage interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P<0.05), and increased
survival after bacterial challenge (P<0.01). In vitro
neutralization of IL-6, combined with macrophage supernatant
experiments, confirmed that the beneficial effects of estrogen
treatment were mediated through modulation of macrophage IL-6
production. Moreover, estrogen treatment resulted in a decrease in
splenic nuclear factor-
B (NF-B) activation in injured mice. There
were no changes in cellular NF-B or IB
protein expression or
IB phosphorylation at serine 32. Taken together, these studies
suggest that estrogen treatment of injured male mice improves cellular
immunity through direct modulation of NF-B activation.
Key Words: cytokine • NF-B • monocyte/macrophage • hormone • ethanol • burn
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