* Department of Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center Nijmegen St. Radboud, Nijmegen, and
Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Correspondence: Gosse J. Adema, Department of Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center Nijmegen St. Radboud, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E-mail: g.adema{at}dent.kun.nl
Upon maturation, dendritic cells (DCs) have to adjust their chemokine
expression to sequentially attract different leukocyte subsets. We used
real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis to study in
detail the expression of 12 chemokines involved in the recruitment of
leukocytes into and inside secondary lymphoid organs, by DCs in
distinct differentiation stages, both in vitro and in vivo.
Monocyte-derived immature DCs expressed high levels of DC
chemokine 1 (DC-CK1), EBI1-ligand chemokine (ELC), macrophage-derived
chemokine (MDC), macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1
, and thymus
and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC). Upon maturation, DCs
up-regulated the expression of DC-CK1 (60-fold), ELC (7-fold), and TARC
(10-fold). Activation of DCs by CD40 ligand further up-regulated the
expression of ELC (25-fold). We found that freshly isolated blood DCs
expressed only low levels of interleukin-8, lymphotactin, and MIP-1.
It is interesting that the chemokine profile expressed by activated
CD11c- lymphoid-like as well as CD11c+ myeloid
blood DCs mimics that of monocyte-derived DCs. Additionally, purified
Langerhans cells that had migrated out of the epidermis expressed a
similar chemokine pattern. These data indicate that different DC
subsets in vitro and in vivo can express the same chemokines to attract
leukocytes.
Key Words: human • real-time quantitative PCR • monocytes • blood DCs • Langerhans cells
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