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(Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2001;69:89-97.)
© 2001 by Society for Leukocyte Biology

Subthreshold concentrations of anti-proteinase 3 antibodies (c-ANCA) specifically prime human neutrophils for fMLP-induced leukotriene synthesis and chemotaxis

Katja Hattar^*, Ulf Sibelius^*, Annette Bickenbach^*, Elena Csernok, Werner Seeger^* and Friedrich Grimminger^*

^* Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen
Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lübeck, Germany

Correspondence: F. Grimminger, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. E-mail: friedrich.grimminger{at}innere.med.uni-giessen.de

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) targeting proteinase 3 (PR3) possess a high sensitivity and specificity for Wegener’s granulomatosis. Due to their capacity of directly activating neutrophils, a pathogenetic role for these autoantibodies has been proposed. We investigated the impact of subthreshold concentrations of monoclonal anti-PR3 antibodies (anti-PR3; 0.1 µg/mL) on neutrophil activation elicited by a secondary agent. Preincubation with anti-PR3 resulted in a massive amplification of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced leukotriene (LT) generation, with a marked increase in the liberation of LTB₄, LTA₄, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). This priming commenced within 2.5 min, with a maximum after 5–7.5 min. Moreover, anti-PR3 pretreatment markedly enhanced PMN movement toward fMLP. The priming effect of anti-PR3 toward fMLP challenge was reproduced by c-ANCA, but not by F(ab)₂ fragments of the antibodies and isotype-matched control IgG. Generation of superoxide anion and release of elastase were suppressed in anti-PR3-pretreated neutrophils undergoing fMLP challenge. In contrast, neutrophil activation by platelet-activating factor (PAF) or the calcium ionophore A23187 remained unaffected. We conclude that subthreshold concentrations of anti-PR3 antibodies selectively modify neutrophil responses to fMLP, with enhancement of leukotriene generation and chemotaxis, but suppression of respiratory burst and degranulation. Such priming might contribute to localized neutrophil accumulation together with blunted host defense in Wegener’s granulomatosis.

Key Words: anti-neutrophil-cytoplasmic antibodies • neutrophil activation • chemotactic peptide • Wegener’s granulomatosis

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