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* Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; and
Viral Oncology UPR 9045, CNRS, Villejuif, France
Correspondence: Sandra Gessani, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. E-mail: MACROBUTTON HtmlResAnchor gessani{at}iss.it
The monocyte/macrophage lineage represents heterogeneous cell populations characterized by major differences in the phenotype and functional activities. These cells are a major source of soluble factors, such as cytokines and chemokines, which can both affect HIV replication and AIDS pathogenesis. Although monocytes/macrophages are unanimously considered important targets of HIV-1 infection, the HIV-induced alterations in their physiological functions at different stages of differentiation are still matter of debate. In this article, we review our data on the regulation of chemokine/cytokine network with regard to macrophage differentiation and HIV-1 infection, in comparison with studies from other groups. The ensemble of the results emphasizes that: 1) macrophages markedly differ with respect to monocytes for a variety of responses potentially important in the pathogenesis of HIV infection; and 2) the experimental conditions can influence the HIV-monocyte/macrophage interactions, reflecting the possible in vivo existence of a spectrum of responses among macrophage populations.
Key Words: macrophage • interferons • receptors • soluble mediators
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